Democracy promotion
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Khushmita Dhabhai
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In a REDS Seminar co-sponsored by CDDRL and The Europe Center (TEC), Cornell Assistant Professor of Political Science Bryn Rosenfeld explored a compelling question: Why do people in authoritarian regimes take bold political actions — such as protesting, voting for the opposition, or criticizing the government — despite the threat of severe consequences? Her research highlights the role of emotions, particularly anger, in motivating these high-risk decisions and provides fresh insights into the dynamics of dissent under repressive regimes.

Rosenfeld challenged the common assumption that high-risk political activism requires strong organizational ties, such as membership in activist groups or networks. While this holds true in some cases, she argued that recent civic uprisings in authoritarian regimes often involve ordinary individuals — novices with no prior links to organized activism. These participants act despite the threat of repression, presenting a puzzle for traditional theories of political participation.

Central to Rosenfeld's argument is the critical role of emotions in shaping political behavior. Authoritarian regimes often use repression as a tool to silence dissent, but her findings show that this strategy frequently backfires by triggering anger. When people experience acts of repression — such as arrests or violence during protests — they often view these actions as deeply unjust, fueling their anger. This anger reduces fear of risks, shifts focus from personal consequences to collective grievances, and creates a sense of urgency to act. As a result, anger motivates bold political actions like protesting or voting against the regime. In contrast, fear amplifies the perception of danger, discourages action, and reinforces passivity. Rosenfeld’s work demonstrates how anger can transform repression into a catalyst for resistance, showing that attempts to suppress dissent often inspire even greater mobilization.

Her research is grounded in extensive data collected between 2021 and 2023 in Russia, a period marked by significant political upheaval, including the arrest of opposition leader Alexei Navalny, widespread protests, and the invasion of Ukraine. Through surveys and experiments, she measured participants’ emotions, risk attitudes, and political intentions in response to different scenarios. Participants exposed to information about repression reported higher levels of anger, which translated into a greater willingness to protest or take other political risks. For example, participants in the repression treatment group showed significantly higher risk acceptance scores than those in the control group, highlighting anger’s pivotal role in driving political action.

Rosenfeld’s findings have far-reaching implications. They challenge the assumption that repression is an effective tool for silencing dissent, showing instead that it often fuels resistance by mobilizing anger and encouraging the acceptance of risk. Her work also explains why ordinary citizens — those without activist ties — sometimes take extraordinary risks to stand up to authoritarian regimes. By focusing on the interplay of emotions and risk, Rosenfeld underscores the paradox of repression: rather than quelling dissent, it can inspire ordinary people to take extraordinary risks in the pursuit of justice. Anger, often seen as a destructive force, emerges in her work as a powerful driver of political change.

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Gillian Slee presented her research in a CDDRL seminar on November 7, 2024.
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Home But Not Free: Rule-Breaking and Withdrawal in Reentry

Previous works paint three broad challenges with the parole system: material hardship, negative social networks, and carceral governance. Gillian Slee, Gerhard Casper Postdoctoral Fellow in Rule of Law at CDDRL, proposes a crucial fourth explanation for why re-entry fails: socioemotional dynamics.
Home But Not Free: Rule-Breaking and Withdrawal in Reentry
Klaus Desmet presented his research in a CDDRL seminar on October 24, 2024.
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Polarization in the United States Reconsidered

While many have argued that America has witnessed a shift from disagreements on redistribution to disagreements on culture, Klaus Desmet’s findings indicate otherwise.
Polarization in the United States Reconsidered
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Cornell Assistant Professor of Political Science Bryn Rosenfeld’s work explains why ordinary citizens — those without activist ties — sometimes take extraordinary risks to stand up to authoritarian regimes.

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Registration for this event is now closed.

A Conversation with Leopoldo López: How to Defend Democracy and Fight Autocracy

Join us for an inspiring conversation with Leopoldo López, General Secretary of the World Liberty Congress, Venezuelan opposition leader, and pro-democracy activist. In this talk, López will reflect on his recent TED Talk, where he passionately advocated for defending democracy worldwide and resisting the rise of autocratic regimes.

According to López, seventy-two percent of the world's population lives under some form of autocratic rule. Drawing from his harrowing personal experience of imprisonment, house arrest, and eventual exile for opposing Nicolás Maduro's regime in Venezuela, he will share his vision for uniting global efforts to champion freedom and push back against authoritarianism.

This event is co-sponsored by the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL), CDDRL's Poverty, Violence, and Governance Lab, and the Stanford Society for Latin American Politics.

Speakers

Leopoldo Lopez

Leopoldo López

General Secretary of the World Liberty Congress, Venezuelan opposition leader, and pro-democracy activist

Leopoldo López is a Venezuelan opposition leader and pro-democracy activist. He was the 2018 Robert G. Wesson Lecturer in International Relations Theory and Practice at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies at Stanford University. He founded the Venezuelan opposition party Voluntad Popular and served as mayor of the Chacao municipality in Caracas. 

In 2014, Leopoldo was arrested on trumped-up charges for leading peaceful, nationwide protests denouncing Nicolás Maduro’s regime. After a 19-month show trial, he was sentenced to nearly 14 years in prison.

He spent the first four years in solitary confinement in a military prison. He was subsequently placed under house arrest as a result of international pressure and outrage within Venezuela. Amnesty International named him a prisoner of conscience in 2015. Leopoldo escaped house arrest and was hosted at the Spanish embassy in Caracas. After a daring escape from Venezuela in October 2020, Leopoldo was reunited with his family in Spain, where he now lives in exile.

Today, he continues to be a leading voice in calling for democracy not only in Venezuela but also across the globe. Leopoldo is a co-founder of the World Liberty Congress, which he strongly believes will be instrumental in unifying pro-democracy and human rights activists to combat the global trend toward authoritarianism.

Ismar Marte

Isamar Marte, '26

President, Stanford Society for Latin American Politics (SSLAP)
Moderator

Isamar Marte is the president of the Stanford Society for Latin American Politics (SSLAP). She is an undergraduate student majoring in Economics and double minoring in Data Science and Education. Inspired by her experience growing up in the Dominican Republic, her main interests stand in the intersection between policy, education, and development.

Isamar Marte, '26

William J. Perry Conference Room (Encina Hall, 2nd floor, 616 Jane Stanford Way, Stanford)

Leopoldo López
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Clifton B. Parker
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María Corina Machado, Venezuela’s popular democracy leader, told a Stanford audience that support from the global community and the U.S. is a moral imperative for those protesting Nicolás Maduro’s despotic government.

Machado engaged in a conversation on November 18 with Larry Diamond at an event hosted by the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law. Diamond is the Mosbacher Senior Fellow in Global Democracy at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. They discussed Venezuela’s current political climate, challenges, and broader strategies for fostering democratic transitions in authoritarian environments.

Maduro’s attempts at electoral fraud overshadowed Venezuela's presidential election on July 28, 2024. Afterward, the Venezuelan democratic movement provided evidence showing that their candidate, Edmundo González, had won with about 70% of the vote. Since then, the Maduro regime has stifled the opposition and thwarted democratic reforms as he seeks to regain office in January. Meanwhile, Machado has been forced into hiding to evade arrest by Maduro's regime but remains resolute in her decision to stay in Venezuela, where she continues to lead the movement.

In 2023, Machado won the Venezuelan opposition primaries with 93% of the vote. But the Maduro regime immediately, and illegally, disqualified her from running in the 2024 presidential election. She then took charge of revitalizing the country’s pro-democracy movement, rebuilding it from the ground up and infusing it with renewed purpose.

In introducing Machado, Kathryn Stoner, the Mosbacher Director of CDDRL, said, “Her leadership has been a beacon of hope for millions of Venezuelans as she continues to inspire them in the fight against authoritarianism.”

‘We surprised everyone’


Machado spoke about the election aftermath and a “window of opportunity” to act now to safeguard democracy. “The final outcome of this process is certainly existential for the Venezuelan people. It is critically strategic for the region and of great importance for all Western democracies, especially for the United States, and that's why we've received bipartisan support.”

María Corina Machado addresses a Stanford audience via video. Rod Searcey

Today, Venezuela ranks last on the World Justice Project’s Rule of Law index — 142 out of 142 countries. “Every single democratic institution has been devastated,” said Machado, describing the current situation as a “full-fledged tyranny” and adding that 8 million people have been forced to flee her country.

Despite such conditions, she said, in the past two years, Venezuelans have built up a democratic movement — “they told us it was impossible” — that reflects a deeper social response. “We decided to understand, to heal, and to trust each other.”

The regime underestimated the growth of this movement, she said. “We defeated the regime in the streets and in the hearts of Venezuelan people. We defeated them before in the spiritual dimension and then in the electoral process. And we've surprised everyone.”

They created a well-organized network of citizen volunteers who could be deployed in every single polling station and other places, all of whom were profoundly motivated around the cause, Machado said. “We did it without media at all,” since Maduro's government would not allow her to appear in traditional media channels and the campaign couldn't run ads on social media — there was no money.

Machado said, “We united a country around common values — human dignity, solidarity, justice, private property, and freedom. We united Venezuela around a profound desire: We wanted our kids back home; we wanted our families reunited.”

In the election, González won by a landslide, she said, roughly 70 percent to Maduro’s 30 percent. Immediately, the regime struck back, detaining and arresting thousands of pro-democracy advocates and even torturing some people.

“The reaction of the regime was ferocious,” she said. “We are facing a situation where the regime wants to create terror and totally paralyze this movement.”

But the Venezuelan pushback to the Maduro repression has been dramatic, she said. Machado estimates that if the election were held today, the pro-democracy candidate would get 90 percent of the vote.

“We have a united opposition, more than ever before,” she said, noting vows of support from the international community. January 10 is the day when Maduro would be sworn in again as president. “We will never give up, and I'm sure freedom will prevail in our country.”

We have a united opposition, more than ever before. We will never give up, and I'm sure freedom will prevail in our country.
María Corina Machado
Leader of Venezuela’s Democratic Movement


International action


“The challenge,” Diamond said, “is to get President Maduro, who has lost the election, to acknowledge that he's lost and leave power.” He asked Machado what the international community should do. (On November 19, a day after the CDDRL event, the U.S. formally recognized González as the president-elect.)

She responded, “We have to make these people understand that they will be held accountable. If they keep repressing our people, international justice should act immediately, and that hasn’t happened yet.”

On top of this, she added, Maduro’s ties to criminal activities and black markets need to be examined by international partners. Even the Venezuelan military largely supported the pro-democracy opposition.

“The (global) law enforcement approach can be more comprehensive, involving different agencies and different countries, so these individuals understand this regime is not sustainable from financial, political, and human perspectives,” she said.

Diamond asked if criminal indictments of members of the Maduro regime could be on the table, whether by the United States, European countries, or the International Criminal Court.

Machado acknowledged this point and recommended a few international strategies: Maduro has to be totally isolated, and González has to be recognized as the president-elect; a global law enforcement approach needs to crack down on Maduro’s criminal activities; the International Criminal Court needs to make a decision on the election; and every democratic government in the world needs to advocate for a negotiated transition for Venezuela to peacefully move ahead.

Democracies worldwide


During the Q&A portion of the event, a student audience member asked what the expatriate Venezuelan community should know and do about the situation.

Machado said, “One of our main assets now is this great diaspora that has turned Venezuela into a global cause. People are preparing abroad, learning, and getting ready to come back and build a great society.”

She added that her country’s abundant oil reserves could literally transform Venezuelan society if used wisely, unlike under Maduro’s tenure, and be used as a key element to fund the country's energy transition.

As Stoner noted in her opening remarks, “The struggle for democracy in Venezuela is not just a national issue — it's a global one. The fate of Venezuela speaks to the broader challenges that democracies are facing worldwide, including our own.”

You can read more about this event in The Stanford Daily.

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A person cast a vote during the presidential elections at Escuela Ecológica Bolivariana Simón Rodríguez on July 28, 2024 in Fuerte Tiuna, Caracas, Venezuela.
Commentary

Exploring the Implications of Venezuela’s 2024 Presidential Election with Héctor Fuentes

Fuentes, a lawyer, human rights advocate, and agent of social change in Venezuela, is a member of the 2024 class of Fisher Family Summer Fellows at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law.
Exploring the Implications of Venezuela’s 2024 Presidential Election with Héctor Fuentes
Kathryn Stoner and Leopoldo López
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Venezuelan opposition leader calls on students to fight for global freedom

Leopoldo López expressed fear about the global rise of a “network of autocracies." He encouraged Stanford students to champion democracy and freedom across the globe.
Venezuelan opposition leader calls on students to fight for global freedom
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María Corina Machado, the leader of the Venezuelan pro-democracy movement, suggests that a strong international response to Venezuelan authoritarianism will help overcome electoral fraud against democracy in her country.

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Shorenstein APARC's annual report for the academic year 2023-24 is now available.

Learn about the research, publications, and events produced by the Center and its programs over the last academic year. Read the feature sections, which look at the historic meeting at Stanford between the leaders of Korea and Japan and the launch of the Center's new Taiwan Program; learn about the research our faculty and postdoctoral fellows engaged in, including a study on China's integration of urban-rural health insurance and the policy work done by the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab (SNAPL); and catch up on the Center's policy work, education initiatives, publications, and policy outreach. Download your copy or read it online below.

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Nora Sulots
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The Fisher Family Summer Fellows on Democracy and Development Program at Stanford University's Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law is now accepting applications for our summer 2025 program. The deadline to apply is 5:00 pm PST on Thursday, January 16, 2025.

The program brings together an annual cohort of approximately 30 mid-career practitioners from countries in political transition who are working to advance democratic practices and enact economic and legal reform to promote human development. Launched by CDDRL in 2005, the program was previously known as the Draper Hills Summer Fellows Program. The new name reflects an endowment gift from the Fisher family — Sakurako (Sako), ‘82, and William (Bill), MBA ‘84 — that secures the future of this important and impactful program.

From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, our program participants are selected from among hundreds of applicants every year for the significant contributions they have already made to their societies and their potential to make an even greater impact with some help from Stanford. We aim to give them the opportunity to join a global network of over 500 alumni from 103 countries who have all faced similar sets of challenges in bringing change to their countries.

The Fisher Family Summer Fellows Program provides an intensive 3-week on-campus forum for civil society leaders to exchange experiences and receive academic and policy training to enrich their knowledge and advance their work. Delivered by a leading Stanford faculty team composed of Michael McFaul, Kathryn Stoner, Francis Fukuyama, Larry Diamond, Erik Jensen, and more, the program allows emerging and established global leaders to explore new institutional models and frameworks to enhance their ability to promote good governance, accountable politics, and find new ways to achieve economic development in their home countries.

Prospective fellows from Ukraine are also invited to apply for our Strengthening Ukrainian Democracy and Development (SU-DD) Program, which runs concurrently with the Fisher Family Summer Fellows Program. The SU-DD program provides a unique opportunity for mid-career practitioners working on well-defined projects aimed at strengthening Ukrainian democracy, enhancing human development, and promoting good governance. Applicants to the SU-DD program will use the Fisher Family Summer Fellows Program application portal to apply and indicate their interest there. You will then be directed to a series of supplemental questions specific to the SU-DD program, including requiring a detailed description of your proposed project.

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Fisher Family Summer Fellows Class of 2024
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Announcing the 2024 Cohort of the Fisher Family Summer Fellows on Democracy and Development Program

In July 2024, the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law will welcome a diverse cohort of 26 experienced practitioners from 21 countries who are working to advance democratic practices and economic and legal reform in contexts where freedom, human development, and good governance are fragile or at risk.
Announcing the 2024 Cohort of the Fisher Family Summer Fellows on Democracy and Development Program
2023 SU-DD Fellows
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Empowering Ukrainian Democracy: Innovative Training Program Nurtures Projects for Recovery and Development

Meet the six fellows selected to participate in the first cohort of the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law’s Strengthening Ukrainian Democracy and Development Program.
Empowering Ukrainian Democracy: Innovative Training Program Nurtures Projects for Recovery and Development
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The program will run from Sunday, July 20, through Friday, August 8, 2025. Applications are due by 5:00 pm PST on Thursday, January 16, 2025.

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Natalie Montecino is the Instructor for the Stanford e-Minamata Program, which examines environmental justice, the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, and U.S.–Japan relations. 

In addition to her role with SPICE, Natalie serves as the Executive Director for the Climate Democracy Initiative, a nonprofit organization based in Colorado that supports democratically informed climate solutions. Through her development of education, media, and community organizing programs and partnerships, Natalie seeks to apply critical climate and democracy lenses to all aspects of her work.

Prior to joining SPICE, Natalie completed a Fulbright Fellowship in Okayama, Japan where she researched rural revitalization efforts, community engagement, and local development practices in partnership with Okayama University. During this time, Natalie also studied Japanese tea ceremony and Bizenyaki pottery techniques. 

Born in Littleton, Colorado, Natalie holds a Bachelor of Arts in International Studies from Colorado State University, with concentrations in Japanese, French, International Development, and Political Science. Natalie was one of fifty young leaders chosen from across the world as a Davos50 delegate and guest speaker at the World Economic Forum’s 2025 Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland. Additionally, she is an alumna of the Asia Foundation’s LeadNext: Ambassadors for a Global Future program and the Critical Language Scholarship’s Japanese program. 

Instructor, Stanford e-Minamata
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Nora Sulots
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Each year, the Fisher Family Summer Fellows on Democracy and Development Program hosted by the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford University brings together an annual cohort of approximately 30 mid-career practitioners from countries in political transition who are working to advance democratic practices and enact economic and legal reform to promote human development. Launched by CDDRL in 2005, the program was previously known as the Draper Hills Summer Fellows Program. The program was renamed in 2023 in recognition of a gift from the Fisher family — Sakurako (Sako), ‘82, and William (Bill), MBA ‘84 — that endowed the program and secured its future.

CDDRL looks forward to convening another powerful network of leaders determined to advance change in their communities.


The Fisher Family Summer Fellows Class of 2024 is a diverse cohort of 26 experienced practitioners from 21 countries who are working to advance democratic practices and economic and legal reform in contexts where freedom, human development, and good governance are fragile or at risk.

Included in this year’s class are three Ukrainian fellows who are jointly participating in CDDRL’s Strengthening Ukrainian Democracy and Development Program (SU-DD). These fellows began meeting regularly online with CDDRL faculty in early June to identify and define the scope of their individual projects, each of which focuses on actionable ways to support Ukraine’s recovery from Russia’s invasion. By including our SU-DD scholars in the Fisher Family Summer Fellows Program, we seek to create connections, synergies, and a deeper understanding of shared development problems and solutions from a variety of country contexts. Participating in this program will also expand the network for our Ukrainian fellows to draw upon as they continue their work and implement their projects when they leave Stanford.

The 27 Fisher Family Summer Fellows will arrive on campus on July 20 to begin their three-week training program. Delivered by an interdisciplinary team of Stanford faculty, the program allows emerging and established global leaders to explore new institutional models and frameworks to enhance their ability to promote good governance and accountable politics and find new ways to achieve economic development in their home countries.

Meet the Fellows

Armenia | Azerbaijan | Bangladesh | Brazil | Cameroon | Ecuador | Ethiopia | Georgia | India | Kenya | Mongolia | Nicaragua | Nigeria | North Macedonia | Philippines | Republic of Moldova | South Africa | Tunisia | Ukraine | Venezuela | Vietnam


 

ARMENIA
 

Vardan Partamyan

Vardan Partamyan has a diverse background in project management and democracy work. As a Senior Program Manager at NDI Armenia, Vardan oversees all political party-related programs, coordinates public opinion research, and fosters opportunities for Armenia’s youth and women. Prior to NDI Armenia, Vardan served as the Head of Projects at the Armenia Fund, where he led the coordination of projects, communication, and negotiations with donors. He holds a Master's Degree in English Language and Psychology. Committed to continuous learning, Vardan has participated in numerous professional development events. In an alternate reality, Vardan is an author of science fiction and satirical novels.



AZERBAIJAN
 

Ziya Guliyev

Ziya Guliyev is a human rights lawyer and the founder of the Law Society of Azerbaijan, an independent think tank committed to advancing human rights in the country. With a master's degree in international human rights law from the University of Essex, he possesses extensive expertise in the field. Previously, he served on the boards of organizations such as the CIVICUS Alliance and the Eastern Partnership Civil Society Forum. A member of the European Society of International Law since 2023, his research focuses on human rights and transitional justice. Notably, he has spoken at Global Summits of the Open Government Partnership since 2016, which have been held in Tbilisi, Ottawa, and Tallinn.



BANGLADESH
 

Md. Showkat Hossain

Mr. Md. Showkat Hossain is a Serving judge in Bangladesh with 15 years of trial experience in civil and criminal courts. Currently, he is an Additional District Judge, the second most senior post in Bangladesh's hierarchy of trial court judges. Despite a declining democracy in Bangladesh, he has been trying to ensure that citizens of his territorial jurisdiction are not subjected to any arbitrary persecution. After his LL. B and LL.M from Bangladesh, he received the UK government’s Chevening scholarship and studied Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Edinburgh, UK. He is an adjunct faculty of the Police Staff College, Bangladesh, and the Independent University of Bangladesh.



BRAZIL
 

Flávia Pellegrino

Flávia Pellegrino is the executive director of Pacto pela Democracia, a coalition that coordinates the efforts of social actors across the ideological spectrum to strengthen civil society’s capacity to defend and strengthen democracy in Brazil. Over the past decade Flávia has built and coordinated networks within Brazilian civil society dedicated to defending democracy and human rights. Flávia holds a degree in journalism and a master's degree in Political Science. Prior to her work in civil society organizations, Flávia worked as a journalist in Brazil and France, coordinated projects in the education sector, and taught politics at a popular prep school in São Paulo.



CAMEROON
 

Kahbila Mbuton

Kahbila Mbuton is a Lawyer and Human Rights Officer at the West Africa Regional Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR-WARO), where she works on a human rights-based approach to migration. Born and raised in Bamenda, Cameroon, Kahbila holds an MSt. International Human Rights Law (University of Oxford) and an LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa (University of Pretoria). She served in human rights roles at OHCHR Uganda and the African Union Mission in Somalia. Kahbila is a 2018 Mandela Washington Fellow. Passionate about human rights and democracy (equality/non-discrimination and rule of law/accountability), she aspires to contribute towards human rights-based responses that sustainably address development challenges.



ECUADOR
 

Patricio Lloret

Patricio Lloret, a seasoned public administration leader, has held key roles such as Undersecretary General of Anti-Corruption Public Policy and Undersecretary of Open Government. Specializing in governance innovation and stakeholder engagement, he globally influences as an advisory board member for the Open Data Charter. A Project Management Professional (PMP) with a Master's from University College London and an MBA from INCAE Business School, he's also a fellow of Georgetown University's Innovation & Leadership in Government Program. Passionate about inclusive governance, he champions democracy and development locally and globally.



ETHIOPIA
 

Girma Admasu

Mr. Girma Admasu, a dedicated professional with a Bachelor's Degree in Sociology and Social Anthropology from Addis Ababa University, is the visionary behind "Positive Action for Development." Through innovative strategies, the organization has addressed critical issues like democracy, human rights, and governance, impacting communities with over 120 successful projects. Mr. Girma's academic journey includes a Master's Degree in Rural Development and ongoing Ph.D. studies in Rural Capacity Development and Development Leadership. With over 15 years of experience in development, human rights, and advocacy, he excels in leadership, project management, and social accountability.



GEORGIA
 

Khatia Dekanoidze

Khatia Dekanoidze has been a member of the Parliament of Georgia since 2020, representing the democratic Opposition of Georgia and advocating for the country's European aspirations. Born in Tbilisi, Georgia, she graduated from State University with a degree in International Law and Relations. Dekanoidze served as the Minister of Education of Georgia in 2012 and as the Chief of the National Police of Ukraine from 2015 to 2016. Between 2004 and 2012, she held various positions in the Georgian reformer government, contributing significantly to the reforms of the Georgian Police and Public Sector. As the Chief of Police in Ukraine, she had the honor of launching a massive police reform and creating modern police forces.



INDIA
 

Hamsa Vijayaraghavan

Hamsa Vijayaraghavan completed her law degree from Symbiosis Law School and her Masters from the University of Rouen, France, on an Erasmus Mundus scholarship. She is a 2023 Chevening Gurukul Fellow and a 2024 Salzburg Global Fellow. She has previously worked in the UK, with the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR) field office in India, the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India, and UNICEF. She is currently the Chief Operating Officer at Migration and Asylum Project, India’s first and only center for the study of forced migration, where her work is centered around advocating for a cohesive movement towards safe migration in the region.



KENYA
 

Gikui W. Gichuhi

Gikui W. Gichuhi, an Assistant Director Of Public Prosecutions in Kenya, holds a Master's in Animal Law from Lewis and Clark College, USA, and a Master's in International Business Law from the University of Hull, UK. She has expertise in homicide-related prosecutions and environmental law and is committed to justice, victim support, and environmental advocacy. She has been recognized for her contributions to policy development on alternative dispute resolution, children, the criminal justice system, and wildlife trafficking. Gighuhi has spoken at several conferences, including Interpol World 2019 and the Africa Prosecutors Association Conference 2023.
 

Sam Murunga

Sam Murunga is the editorial lead for Africa at BBC Monitoring, overseeing a team of 30 experts who provide essential insights into geopolitics, security, and the media. Murunga has a professional interest in how global power competition shapes African diplomacy and national politics and has extensively researched and highlighted the evolution of disinformation in Africa and the malign actors behind it. He is a student of leadership, a change champion, an editor, a writer, a strategist, and a sustainability advocate with a wealth of experience in African media and geopolitics. Murunga strives to contribute to positive change anchored by the mutual values of democracy, good governance, and sustainable development.



MONGOLIA
 

Dagvyn Enkhtsetseg

Dagvyn Enkhtsetseg is a program manager at Open Society Forum Mongolia, a policy-oriented NGO. She is a governance expert with almost two decades of experience focusing on policy reforms related to democracy building, mainly specializing in electoral and political party regulations. Ms. Enkhtsetseg is a regular speaker at domestic and international conferences on political financing in Mongolia and contributes policy advice to the government of Mongolia on laws and policies on democratic processes. She also serves as the coordinator for the Fair Elections network, a coalition of election monitoring groups that routinely monitors elections in Mongolia and participates in regional efforts.



NICARAGUA
 

Felix Maradiaga

Mr. Felix Maradiaga is a Nicaraguan human rights advocate widely recognized as one of his country’s leading voices for democracy. He founded the Fundación Para la Libertad, an organization focused on developing democratic education and research programs that the Ortega regime declared illegal in 2022. In 2018, during widespread protests against the Ortega regime, he survived two assassination attempts and faced numerous criminal charges and smear campaigns. In 2021, after announcing plans for a presidential campaign, he was arrested and sentenced to 13 years in prison. In February 2023, he and 221 other political prisoners were stripped of their citizenship by the Nicaraguan government and expelled to the United States.



NIGERIA
 

Dabesaki Mac-Ikemenjima

Dabesaki Mac-Ikemenjima is a Senior Program Officer at the Ford Foundation. He leads programming to advance inclusive societies, with an emphasis on youth and disability inclusion, gender, and protecting the civic space. For two decades, Dabesaki's work has involved approaches centered on minority voices and the design of bespoke initiatives. He led the establishment of the Nigeria Youth Futures Fund, a donor collaborative to support youth civic engagement in Nigeria. In response to threats to democracy in West Africa, he is leading the design of a regional democracy fund. He was also recently project lead for Ford's polarization initiative covering Asia, the U.S., Africa, and Latin America.
 

Obiamaka Nwachi

Obiamaka Nwachi is a Chief Magistrate with the Enugu State Judiciary of Nigeria and has over a decade of experience in justice dispensation and dispute resolution. She has judiciously presided over countless cases ranging from civil disputes to criminal matters. Her analytical and legal drafting skills have been pivotal to the excellent execution of her judicial duties. She is notable for her impartiality and integrity in pursuing positive change. Her empathy towards victims of injustice remains her greatest inspiration for upholding equality, fairness, and the rule of law. Outside the courtroom, Obiamaka volunteers for causes focused on women's empowerment and engages in her personal development.



NORTH MACEDONIA

 

Biljana Spasovska

Biljana Spasovska, Executive Director of the Balkan Civil Society Development Network (BCSDN), brings over a decade of expertise in promoting civil society and democratic values in her region and beyond. With a Master's in Interdisciplinary Eastern European Studies from the University of Bologna and currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Globalization and Democracy, Biljana leads BCSDN's efforts to amplify civil society's role in policy and boost civic engagement for a more democratic Balkans. She co-chairs the global CSO Partnership for Development Effectiveness, is a member of the Global Standard for CSO Accountability, and is an honorary member of the European Economic and Social Committee.



PHILIPPINES
 

Kristina Conti

Kristina Conti is a people’s lawyer in the Philippines. She is currently the secretary general of the National Union of Peoples’ Lawyers chapter in the National Capital Region. She has 10 years of experience as a litigator and 20 years as an activist, working in grassroots organizations. Core to her work is combatting impunity through strategic human rights litigation. She is registered as assistant to counsel at the International Criminal Court in anticipation of trial on the Philippines’ “war on drugs.” Through cases and advocacy, she has been grounded in situations of political persecution, law enforcement and prison reform, peace processes, and international humanitarian law.



REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
 

Victor Spinu

Victor Spinu is a dedicated Member of Parliament in Moldova, serving on the Committee on Economy, Budget, and Finance. He plays an important role in shaping economic policies and driving the nation’s digital transformation. His work focuses on enhancing transparency and efficiency within government operations through digital solutions. Victor is committed to advancing Moldova’s integration into the European Union, promoting sustainable development, and improving governance through innovative and inclusive policymaking. In his leisure time, he enjoys gardening, taking long walks, and other activities that provide him with a sense of peace and a deep connection to Moldova's natural beauty.



SOUTH AFRICA
 

Lawrence Khoza

Lawrence Khoza has been an anti-apartheid activist and leading participant in South Africa's democratic formation. He has held senior positions in public and private sectors, including at PwC, in local and national government, and in South Africa's Parliament. He has served as a Member of the Mayoral Committee (MMC: Regional Cabinet Minister) for Development Planning and Economic Development in the City of Johannesburg, Africa’s most commercially developed City. Lawrence holds a Masters Degree in Public Policy from Oxford University. He is a Fellow of the Salzburg Global Seminar. He writes for national publications and enjoys listening to jazz and classical music.



TUNISIA
 

Saida Ounissi

Saida Ounissi is a professional with almost a decade of experience in government, public policies, and political leadership. As a former Minister of Employment and Vocational Training in the Tunisian government, she led comprehensive reforms and shaped national strategies. Her expertise spans social policies, education, economic policies, and entrepreneurship programs. She is currently a public policies consultant with a focus on democratic transitions and social and economic reforms. She has received numerous awards, including the 2015 Democracy Award of the Year from the National Democratic Initiative, the 2018 Politician of the Year from One Young World, and the 2019 Top 100 Future Leaders from Apolitical.



UKRAINE
 

Iaroslav Liubchenko

Iaroslav Liubchenko* is a seasoned expert with over a decade of experience spearheading impactful projects. At the National Agency on Corruption Prevention, he is responsible for establishing integrity within the security, defense, and public authorities while adhering to best practices and international standards set by the OECD, EU, and NATO. His responsibilities include developing frameworks for whistleblowers, promoting transparency, and safeguarding individuals who expose wrongdoing. Additionally, he conducts anti-corruption assessments and mitigates corruption risks. He serves as the National Coordinator for Ukraine's collaboration with NATO in the field of integrity building.
 

Serhii Orlov

Serhii Orlov* is a seasoned Digital Transformation Executive with over a decade of experience in government technologies and various industries. As Deputy Minister of Justice of Ukraine, he led significant digital reforms, including digitizing over 30 justice services over the past three years. His notable contributions include automating the registration processes for private entrepreneurs and LLCs, with seven out of ten private entrepreneurs in Ukraine now utilizing this online service. Additionally, Mr. Orlov has coordinated the integration with the Register of Damage for Ukraine to help citizens who suffered from the war. He also leads the development of a system to forecast reoffending risks.
 

Svitlana Yarova

Svitlana Yarova* has been a member of the Vinnytsia city council for the past nine years, serving the last four as the head of the Budget and Social-Economic Development Committee. Prior to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, she led projects to create an innovative technology park called "Crystal" and managed industrial parks in Vinnytsia. Before that, she established an innovative and inclusive youth center named "Kvadrat" by renovating an old building. Over the past year, Yarova has been working on developing the system architecture for managing grants and international technical support in the municipality to systematize processes and enhance transparency.
 

Olena Yena

Olena Yena has dedicated twenty years of her career to working with parties, CSOs, and government, helping them be more responsive to citizens' needs. She currently oversees political parties, parliamentary, and gender-focused programs at NDI Ukraine. Her programs aim to strengthen parties, promote gender equality, enhance women's political participation, and combat gender stereotypes and discrimination. From 2005 to 2010, Olena managed NDI’s Executive Development Program, which exposed a wide range of Ukrainian civil servants to best practices of public administration and policy-making in EU member states. Before joining the NDI team, she worked in both the public and private sectors.

* This Fellow is jointly participating in CDDRL’s Strengthening Ukrainian Democracy and Development Program.



VENEZUELA
 

Héctor Fuentes

Héctor Andrés Fuentes, born in Cagua, Venezuela, in 1990, is a lawyer, human rights advocate, and agent of social change in Venezuela, dedicated to bottom-up national transformation. He serves as the executive director of EstadoLab, a think-and-do tank focused on state fragility and the reconstruction of democratic governance. Fuentes obtained his law degree from Universidad Central de Venezuela in 2013, and he holds a Master's degree in Public Policy from Oxford University (2018) and a Master's degree in Global Affairs from Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University (2020). He has been both a Chevening Scholar and a Schwarzman Scholar.



VIETNAM
 

Thao Dinh

Thao Dinh, a pro-democracy leader and PhD student in Political Science, has been at the forefront of advocating for democratic reforms in Vietnam for nine years. A medical graduate, she later earned a Master's in Public Policy from the University of Fulbright Vietnam, amplifying her impact in promoting open civic space. Thao collaborates with global organizations to expose human rights violations and leads initiatives promoting the democratization process in Vietnam. Her journey as a mother inspires her commitment to creating inclusive, equitable environments. Looking forward, she aims to drive significant democratic transitions that empower future generations.

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In July 2024, the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law will welcome a diverse cohort of 26 experienced practitioners from 21 countries who are working to advance democratic practices and economic and legal reform in contexts where freedom, human development, and good governance are fragile or at risk.

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Encina Commons, 123
615 Crothers Way, Stanford, CA 94305

Encina Hall, E108
616 Jane Stanford Way
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

650.736.3750
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Research Scholar
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Ayça Alemdaroğlu is the Associate Director of the Program on Turkey and a Research Scholar at the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University. She is also a Global Fellow at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). As a political sociologist, Ayça explores social and political inequalities and changes in Turkey and the Middle East.

Previously, she was an Assistant Professor of Sociology and the Associate Director of the Keyman Modern Turkish Studies Program at Northwestern University. 

She received her Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Cambridge, her MA in political science from Bilkent University, and her BSc. degrees in political science and sociology from the Middle East Technical University. 

She serves on the editorial committee of the Middle East Report. 

Associate Director, Program on Turkey
Ayça Alemdaroğlu
Yektan Turkyilmaz
Ali Yaycıoğlu
Panel Discussions
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Kathryn Stoner

Georgia's president, Salome Zourabichvili, vetoed the Parliament's contentious anti-foreign agent law, but called her act "symbolic," as the majority Georgian Dream party promised to override the veto at their next session. This talk explores Georgia's democratic aspirations within the context of the law, dissecting its potential ramifications for civil society, political freedoms, and Georgia's European integration ambitions.

Professor Kathryn Stoner, who was awarded an honorary doctorate from Iliad State University, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia in 2016, will discuss the politics and complexities of the recent law and its implications for Georgia's future.


Kathryn Stoner is the Mosbacher Director of the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law (CDDRL), and a Senior Fellow at CDDRL and the Center on International Security and Cooperation at FSI. From 2017 to 2021, she served as FSI's Deputy Director. She is Professor of Political Science (by courtesy) at Stanford and she teaches in the Department of Political Science, and in the Program on International Relations, as well as in the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy Program. She is also a Senior Fellow (by courtesy) at the Hoover Institution.

Prior to coming to Stanford in 2004, she was on the faculty at Princeton University for nine years, jointly appointed to the Department of Politics and the Princeton School for International and Public Affairs (formerly the Woodrow Wilson School). At Princeton she received the Ralph O. Glendinning Preceptorship awarded to outstanding junior faculty. She also served as a Visiting Associate Professor of Political Science at Columbia University, and an Assistant Professor of Political Science at McGill University. She has held fellowships at Harvard University as well as the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, DC.

In addition to many articles and book chapters on contemporary Russia, she is the author or co-editor of six books: "Transitions to Democracy: A Comparative Perspective," written and edited with Michael A. McFaul (Johns Hopkins 2013);  "Autocracy and Democracy in the Post-Communist World," co-edited with Valerie Bunce and Michael A. McFaul (Cambridge, 2010);  "Resisting the State: Reform and Retrenchment in Post-Soviet Russia" (Cambridge, 2006); "After the Collapse of Communism: Comparative Lessons of Transitions" (Cambridge, 2004), coedited with Michael McFaul; and "Local Heroes: The Political Economy of Russian Regional" Governance (Princeton, 1997); and "Russia Resurrected: Its Power and Purpose in a New Global Order" (Oxford University Press, 2021).

She received a BA (1988) and MA (1989) in Political Science from the University of Toronto, and a PhD in Government from Harvard University (1995). In 2016 she was awarded an honorary doctorate from Iliad State University, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia.

Anna Grzymała-Busse

Encina Hall 2nd floor William J. Perry Conference Room

Kathryn Stoner, Stanford University
Seminars
Paragraphs

Democracies today remain in a potent and protracted recession, and they have retreated from the ideological struggle against autocracy. We can renew the world’s democratic momentum through power, performance, and legitimacy. Democracies must generate economic prosperity and opportunity while containing corruption, crime, and abuses of power, to reinvigorate support for democracy across regions and generations. Liberal democracies cannot be weak or retreat; they must exert their power to safeguard free and fair elections, independent media, and the rule of law. Nowhere in the world where dictatorships repress rights, censor information, and propagate disinformation can democracy be secure. Every defense of democracy is a source of inspiration and instruction. We must get serious again about promoting the values, experiences, requirements, and institutions of democracy. And we must do so on the scale, with the scope and ease of access in many languages, required to save it.

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Publication Type
Journal Articles
Publication Date
Journal Publisher
Journal of Democracy
Authors
Larry Diamond
Number
No. 2
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