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Each year, the Fisher Family Summer Fellows on Democracy and Development Program hosted by the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford University brings together an annual cohort of approximately 30 mid-career practitioners from countries in political transition who are working to advance democratic practices and enact economic and legal reform to promote human development. Launched by CDDRL in 2005, the program was previously known as the Draper Hills Summer Fellows Program. The program was renamed in 2023 in recognition of a gift from the Fisher family — Sakurako (Sako), ‘82, and William (Bill), MBA ‘84 — that endowed the program and secured its future.

CDDRL looks forward to convening another powerful network of leaders determined to advance change in their communities.


The Fisher Family Summer Fellows Class of 2024 is a diverse cohort of 26 experienced practitioners from 21 countries who are working to advance democratic practices and economic and legal reform in contexts where freedom, human development, and good governance are fragile or at risk.

Included in this year’s class are three Ukrainian fellows who are jointly participating in CDDRL’s Strengthening Ukrainian Democracy and Development Program (SU-DD). These fellows began meeting regularly online with CDDRL faculty in early June to identify and define the scope of their individual projects, each of which focuses on actionable ways to support Ukraine’s recovery from Russia’s invasion. By including our SU-DD scholars in the Fisher Family Summer Fellows Program, we seek to create connections, synergies, and a deeper understanding of shared development problems and solutions from a variety of country contexts. Participating in this program will also expand the network for our Ukrainian fellows to draw upon as they continue their work and implement their projects when they leave Stanford.

The 27 Fisher Family Summer Fellows will arrive on campus on July 20 to begin their three-week training program. Delivered by an interdisciplinary team of Stanford faculty, the program allows emerging and established global leaders to explore new institutional models and frameworks to enhance their ability to promote good governance and accountable politics and find new ways to achieve economic development in their home countries.

Meet the Fellows

Armenia | Azerbaijan | Bangladesh | Brazil | Cameroon | Ecuador | Ethiopia | Georgia | India | Kenya | Mongolia | Nicaragua | Nigeria | North Macedonia | Philippines | Republic of Moldova | South Africa | Tunisia | Ukraine | Venezuela | Vietnam


 

ARMENIA
 

Vardan Partamyan

Vardan Partamyan has a diverse background in project management and democracy work. As a Senior Program Manager at NDI Armenia, Vardan oversees all political party-related programs, coordinates public opinion research, and fosters opportunities for Armenia’s youth and women. Prior to NDI Armenia, Vardan served as the Head of Projects at the Armenia Fund, where he led the coordination of projects, communication, and negotiations with donors. He holds a Master's Degree in English Language and Psychology. Committed to continuous learning, Vardan has participated in numerous professional development events. In an alternate reality, Vardan is an author of science fiction and satirical novels.



AZERBAIJAN
 

Ziya Guliyev

Ziya Guliyev is a human rights lawyer and the founder of the Law Society of Azerbaijan, an independent think tank committed to advancing human rights in the country. With a master's degree in international human rights law from the University of Essex, he possesses extensive expertise in the field. Previously, he served on the boards of organizations such as the CIVICUS Alliance and the Eastern Partnership Civil Society Forum. A member of the European Society of International Law since 2023, his research focuses on human rights and transitional justice. Notably, he has spoken at Global Summits of the Open Government Partnership since 2016, which have been held in Tbilisi, Ottawa, and Tallinn.



BANGLADESH
 

Md. Showkat Hossain

Mr. Md. Showkat Hossain is a Serving judge in Bangladesh with 15 years of trial experience in civil and criminal courts. Currently, he is an Additional District Judge, the second most senior post in Bangladesh's hierarchy of trial court judges. Despite a declining democracy in Bangladesh, he has been trying to ensure that citizens of his territorial jurisdiction are not subjected to any arbitrary persecution. After his LL. B and LL.M from Bangladesh, he received the UK government’s Chevening scholarship and studied Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Edinburgh, UK. He is an adjunct faculty of the Police Staff College, Bangladesh, and the Independent University of Bangladesh.



BRAZIL
 

Flávia Pellegrino

Flávia Pellegrino is the executive director of Pacto pela Democracia, a coalition that coordinates the efforts of social actors across the ideological spectrum to strengthen civil society’s capacity to defend and strengthen democracy in Brazil. Over the past decade Flávia has built and coordinated networks within Brazilian civil society dedicated to defending democracy and human rights. Flávia holds a degree in journalism and a master's degree in Political Science. Prior to her work in civil society organizations, Flávia worked as a journalist in Brazil and France, coordinated projects in the education sector, and taught politics at a popular prep school in São Paulo.



CAMEROON
 

Kahbila Mbuton

Kahbila Mbuton is a Lawyer and Human Rights Officer at the West Africa Regional Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR-WARO), where she works on a human rights-based approach to migration. Born and raised in Bamenda, Cameroon, Kahbila holds an MSt. International Human Rights Law (University of Oxford) and an LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa (University of Pretoria). She served in human rights roles at OHCHR Uganda and the African Union Mission in Somalia. Kahbila is a 2018 Mandela Washington Fellow. Passionate about human rights and democracy (equality/non-discrimination and rule of law/accountability), she aspires to contribute towards human rights-based responses that sustainably address development challenges.



ECUADOR
 

Patricio Lloret

Patricio Lloret, a seasoned public administration leader, has held key roles such as Undersecretary General of Anti-Corruption Public Policy and Undersecretary of Open Government. Specializing in governance innovation and stakeholder engagement, he globally influences as an advisory board member for the Open Data Charter. A Project Management Professional (PMP) with a Master's from University College London and an MBA from INCAE Business School, he's also a fellow of Georgetown University's Innovation & Leadership in Government Program. Passionate about inclusive governance, he champions democracy and development locally and globally.



ETHIOPIA
 

Girma Admasu

Mr. Girma Admasu, a dedicated professional with a Bachelor's Degree in Sociology and Social Anthropology from Addis Ababa University, is the visionary behind "Positive Action for Development." Through innovative strategies, the organization has addressed critical issues like democracy, human rights, and governance, impacting communities with over 120 successful projects. Mr. Girma's academic journey includes a Master's Degree in Rural Development and ongoing Ph.D. studies in Rural Capacity Development and Development Leadership. With over 15 years of experience in development, human rights, and advocacy, he excels in leadership, project management, and social accountability.



GEORGIA
 

Khatia Dekanoidze

Khatia Dekanoidze has been a member of the Parliament of Georgia since 2020, representing the democratic Opposition of Georgia and advocating for the country's European aspirations. Born in Tbilisi, Georgia, she graduated from State University with a degree in International Law and Relations. Dekanoidze served as the Minister of Education of Georgia in 2012 and as the Chief of the National Police of Ukraine from 2015 to 2016. Between 2004 and 2012, she held various positions in the Georgian reformer government, contributing significantly to the reforms of the Georgian Police and Public Sector. As the Chief of Police in Ukraine, she had the honor of launching a massive police reform and creating modern police forces.



INDIA
 

Hamsa Vijayaraghavan

Hamsa Vijayaraghavan completed her law degree from Symbiosis Law School and her Masters from the University of Rouen, France, on an Erasmus Mundus scholarship. She is a 2023 Chevening Gurukul Fellow and a 2024 Salzburg Global Fellow. She has previously worked in the UK, with the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR) field office in India, the Ministry of Women and Child Development of the Government of India, and UNICEF. She is currently the Chief Operating Officer at Migration and Asylum Project, India’s first and only center for the study of forced migration, where her work is centered around advocating for a cohesive movement towards safe migration in the region.



KENYA
 

Gikui W. Gichuhi

Gikui W. Gichuhi, an Assistant Director Of Public Prosecutions in Kenya, holds a Master's in Animal Law from Lewis and Clark College, USA, and a Master's in International Business Law from the University of Hull, UK. She has expertise in homicide-related prosecutions and environmental law and is committed to justice, victim support, and environmental advocacy. She has been recognized for her contributions to policy development on alternative dispute resolution, children, the criminal justice system, and wildlife trafficking. Gighuhi has spoken at several conferences, including Interpol World 2019 and the Africa Prosecutors Association Conference 2023.
 

Sam Murunga

Sam Murunga is the editorial lead for Africa at BBC Monitoring, overseeing a team of 30 experts who provide essential insights into geopolitics, security, and the media. Murunga has a professional interest in how global power competition shapes African diplomacy and national politics and has extensively researched and highlighted the evolution of disinformation in Africa and the malign actors behind it. He is a student of leadership, a change champion, an editor, a writer, a strategist, and a sustainability advocate with a wealth of experience in African media and geopolitics. Murunga strives to contribute to positive change anchored by the mutual values of democracy, good governance, and sustainable development.



MONGOLIA
 

Dagvyn Enkhtsetseg

Dagvyn Enkhtsetseg is a program manager at Open Society Forum Mongolia, a policy-oriented NGO. She is a governance expert with almost two decades of experience focusing on policy reforms related to democracy building, mainly specializing in electoral and political party regulations. Ms. Enkhtsetseg is a regular speaker at domestic and international conferences on political financing in Mongolia and contributes policy advice to the government of Mongolia on laws and policies on democratic processes. She also serves as the coordinator for the Fair Elections network, a coalition of election monitoring groups that routinely monitors elections in Mongolia and participates in regional efforts.



NICARAGUA
 

Felix Maradiaga

Mr. Felix Maradiaga is a Nicaraguan human rights advocate widely recognized as one of his country’s leading voices for democracy. He founded the Fundación Para la Libertad, an organization focused on developing democratic education and research programs that the Ortega regime declared illegal in 2022. In 2018, during widespread protests against the Ortega regime, he survived two assassination attempts and faced numerous criminal charges and smear campaigns. In 2021, after announcing plans for a presidential campaign, he was arrested and sentenced to 13 years in prison. In February 2023, he and 221 other political prisoners were stripped of their citizenship by the Nicaraguan government and expelled to the United States.



NIGERIA
 

Dabesaki Mac-Ikemenjima

Dabesaki Mac-Ikemenjima is a Senior Program Officer at the Ford Foundation. He leads programming to advance inclusive societies, with an emphasis on youth and disability inclusion, gender, and protecting the civic space. For two decades, Dabesaki's work has involved approaches centered on minority voices and the design of bespoke initiatives. He led the establishment of the Nigeria Youth Futures Fund, a donor collaborative to support youth civic engagement in Nigeria. In response to threats to democracy in West Africa, he is leading the design of a regional democracy fund. He was also recently project lead for Ford's polarization initiative covering Asia, the U.S., Africa, and Latin America.
 

Obiamaka Nwachi

Obiamaka Nwachi is a Chief Magistrate with the Enugu State Judiciary of Nigeria and has over a decade of experience in justice dispensation and dispute resolution. She has judiciously presided over countless cases ranging from civil disputes to criminal matters. Her analytical and legal drafting skills have been pivotal to the excellent execution of her judicial duties. She is notable for her impartiality and integrity in pursuing positive change. Her empathy towards victims of injustice remains her greatest inspiration for upholding equality, fairness, and the rule of law. Outside the courtroom, Obiamaka volunteers for causes focused on women's empowerment and engages in her personal development.



NORTH MACEDONIA

 

Biljana Spasovska

Biljana Spasovska, Executive Director of the Balkan Civil Society Development Network (BCSDN), brings over a decade of expertise in promoting civil society and democratic values in her region and beyond. With a Master's in Interdisciplinary Eastern European Studies from the University of Bologna and currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Globalization and Democracy, Biljana leads BCSDN's efforts to amplify civil society's role in policy and boost civic engagement for a more democratic Balkans. She co-chairs the global CSO Partnership for Development Effectiveness, is a member of the Global Standard for CSO Accountability, and is an honorary member of the European Economic and Social Committee.



PHILIPPINES
 

Kristina Conti

Kristina Conti is a people’s lawyer in the Philippines. She is currently the secretary general of the National Union of Peoples’ Lawyers chapter in the National Capital Region. She has 10 years of experience as a litigator and 20 years as an activist, working in grassroots organizations. Core to her work is combatting impunity through strategic human rights litigation. She is registered as assistant to counsel at the International Criminal Court in anticipation of trial on the Philippines’ “war on drugs.” Through cases and advocacy, she has been grounded in situations of political persecution, law enforcement and prison reform, peace processes, and international humanitarian law.



REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
 

Victor Spinu

Victor Spinu is a dedicated Member of Parliament in Moldova, serving on the Committee on Economy, Budget, and Finance. He plays an important role in shaping economic policies and driving the nation’s digital transformation. His work focuses on enhancing transparency and efficiency within government operations through digital solutions. Victor is committed to advancing Moldova’s integration into the European Union, promoting sustainable development, and improving governance through innovative and inclusive policymaking. In his leisure time, he enjoys gardening, taking long walks, and other activities that provide him with a sense of peace and a deep connection to Moldova's natural beauty.



SOUTH AFRICA
 

Lawrence Khoza

Lawrence Khoza has been an anti-apartheid activist and leading participant in South Africa's democratic formation. He has held senior positions in public and private sectors, including at PwC, in local and national government, and in South Africa's Parliament. He has served as a Member of the Mayoral Committee (MMC: Regional Cabinet Minister) for Development Planning and Economic Development in the City of Johannesburg, Africa’s most commercially developed City. Lawrence holds a Masters Degree in Public Policy from Oxford University. He is a Fellow of the Salzburg Global Seminar. He writes for national publications and enjoys listening to jazz and classical music.



TUNISIA
 

Saida Ounissi

Saida Ounissi is a professional with almost a decade of experience in government, public policies, and political leadership. As a former Minister of Employment and Vocational Training in the Tunisian government, she led comprehensive reforms and shaped national strategies. Her expertise spans social policies, education, economic policies, and entrepreneurship programs. She is currently a public policies consultant with a focus on democratic transitions and social and economic reforms. She has received numerous awards, including the 2015 Democracy Award of the Year from the National Democratic Initiative, the 2018 Politician of the Year from One Young World, and the 2019 Top 100 Future Leaders from Apolitical.



UKRAINE
 

Iaroslav Liubchenko

Iaroslav Liubchenko* is a seasoned expert with over a decade of experience spearheading impactful projects. At the National Agency on Corruption Prevention, he is responsible for establishing integrity within the security, defense, and public authorities while adhering to best practices and international standards set by the OECD, EU, and NATO. His responsibilities include developing frameworks for whistleblowers, promoting transparency, and safeguarding individuals who expose wrongdoing. Additionally, he conducts anti-corruption assessments and mitigates corruption risks. He serves as the National Coordinator for Ukraine's collaboration with NATO in the field of integrity building.
 

Serhii Orlov

Serhii Orlov* is a seasoned Digital Transformation Executive with over a decade of experience in government technologies and various industries. As Deputy Minister of Justice of Ukraine, he led significant digital reforms, including digitizing over 30 justice services over the past three years. His notable contributions include automating the registration processes for private entrepreneurs and LLCs, with seven out of ten private entrepreneurs in Ukraine now utilizing this online service. Additionally, Mr. Orlov has coordinated the integration with the Register of Damage for Ukraine to help citizens who suffered from the war. He also leads the development of a system to forecast reoffending risks.
 

Svitlana Yarova

Svitlana Yarova* has been a member of the Vinnytsia city council for the past nine years, serving the last four as the head of the Budget and Social-Economic Development Committee. Prior to the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, she led projects to create an innovative technology park called "Crystal" and managed industrial parks in Vinnytsia. Before that, she established an innovative and inclusive youth center named "Kvadrat" by renovating an old building. Over the past year, Yarova has been working on developing the system architecture for managing grants and international technical support in the municipality to systematize processes and enhance transparency.
 

Olena Yena

Olena Yena has dedicated twenty years of her career to working with parties, CSOs, and government, helping them be more responsive to citizens' needs. She currently oversees political parties, parliamentary, and gender-focused programs at NDI Ukraine. Her programs aim to strengthen parties, promote gender equality, enhance women's political participation, and combat gender stereotypes and discrimination. From 2005 to 2010, Olena managed NDI’s Executive Development Program, which exposed a wide range of Ukrainian civil servants to best practices of public administration and policy-making in EU member states. Before joining the NDI team, she worked in both the public and private sectors.

* This Fellow is jointly participating in CDDRL’s Strengthening Ukrainian Democracy and Development Program.



VENEZUELA
 

Héctor Fuentes

Héctor Andrés Fuentes, born in Cagua, Venezuela, in 1990, is a lawyer, human rights advocate, and agent of social change in Venezuela, dedicated to bottom-up national transformation. He serves as the executive director of EstadoLab, a think-and-do tank focused on state fragility and the reconstruction of democratic governance. Fuentes obtained his law degree from Universidad Central de Venezuela in 2013, and he holds a Master's degree in Public Policy from Oxford University (2018) and a Master's degree in Global Affairs from Schwarzman College, Tsinghua University (2020). He has been both a Chevening Scholar and a Schwarzman Scholar.



VIETNAM
 

Thao Dinh

Thao Dinh, a pro-democracy leader and PhD student in Political Science, has been at the forefront of advocating for democratic reforms in Vietnam for nine years. A medical graduate, she later earned a Master's in Public Policy from the University of Fulbright Vietnam, amplifying her impact in promoting open civic space. Thao collaborates with global organizations to expose human rights violations and leads initiatives promoting the democratization process in Vietnam. Her journey as a mother inspires her commitment to creating inclusive, equitable environments. Looking forward, she aims to drive significant democratic transitions that empower future generations.

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In July 2024, the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law will welcome a diverse cohort of 26 experienced practitioners from 21 countries who are working to advance democratic practices and economic and legal reform in contexts where freedom, human development, and good governance are fragile or at risk.

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Flyer for the 2024 Sustainable Democracy Roundtable.

Liberal democracy is hard-earned but sometimes even harder to guard. The foundations of liberal democracy are being seriously challenged, leading to political decay and public distrust of democratic systems and their values. With democratic backsliding threatening old and new democracies, Western democracies no longer serve as guiding light.

Jointly hosted by APARC and the Korea Foundation for Advanced Studies (KFAS), the second annual Sustainable Democracy Roundtable is meant to foster conversations among scholars of all ranks of seniority, diverse research backgrounds, and regional experience to evaluate current trends facing liberal democracy worldwide. The sessions also serve as platforms for scholars to jumpstart collaborative projects.

Following the Roundtable, a conference report will be published and accessible through this page.

The report from this conference is now available for download.
Download pdf

Day 1: June 18 (Korea Time)

6:30-7:30pm          Keynote:  “Ukraine War and the U.S. Election”

Keynote Speaker: Michael McFaul, Director, Freeman Spogli Institute for Int’l Studies (FSI), Stanford University

Moderator: Jiewuh Song, Professor, Political Science & Int’l Relations, Seoul National University

7:30pm                       Reception & Dinner

Day 2: June 19 (Korea Time)

9:00-10:00am          Opening Remarks and Keynote Speech

Byung-il Choi, President of KFAS; Professor Emeritus, Graduate School of International Studies, Ewha Womans University
Gi-Wook Shin, Director of Shorenstein APARC; Professor of Sociology, Stanford University

Keynote Speaker: Larry Diamond, Senior Fellow at FSI and Hoover Institution; Professor (by courtesy) of Sociology and Political Science, Stanford University

Moderator: Jiyeoun Song, Professor, Graduate School of Int’l Studies, Seoul National University

10:00-12:00pm        Session 1 “Institutions”

Presenters: 
Hye Young You, Associate Professor, Department of Politics; School of Public and Int’l Affairs, Princeton University
William Dobson, Coeditor, Journal of Democracy

Moderator: Francis Fukuyama, Professor of (by courtesy) Political Science; Olivier Nomellini Senior Fellow, FSI, Stanford University

Discussants:
Hyeonho Hahm, Assistant Professor, Department of Policy Studies, Hanyang University
Joan Cho, Associate Professor, East Asian Studies and (by courtesy) Government, Wesleyan University

12:00-1:00pm        Lunch Break

1:00-3:00pm          Session 2 “Media and Democracy”

Presenters:
Dong Hoon Ma, Professor, School of Media & Communication, Korea University
Tim Martin, Korea Bureau Chief, The Wall Street Journal

Moderator: Sang-hun Choe, Seoul Bureau Chief, The New York Times

Discussants: 
Joon Seok Yang, Assistant Professor, Political Science & Diplomacy, Sungkyunkwan University
Michelle Lee, Tokyo Bureau Chief, The Washington Post

3:00-3:30pm          Break

3:30-5:30pm          Session 3 “Performance: Economic/Social Sides of Democracy”

Presenters:
Seongsoo Choi, Associate Professor of Sociology, Yonsei University
Kiyoteru Tsutsui, Director of Japan Program; Professor of Sociology, Stanford University

Moderator: Jong-Wha Lee, Professor of Economics, Korea University

Discussants:
Sanghoon Ahn, Senior Fellow, Korea Development Institute 
Aram Hur, Kim Koo Chair in Korean Studies; Assistant Professor of Political Science, The Fletcher School, Tufts University

6:30pm                     Dinner

This event is held in Korea from June 18 through June 21, in Korea Time.

Invitation-only closed roundtable,  June 18-20, SKMS Institute, Icheon
Public Session, June 21, KFAS Conference Hall (B3 Floor), KFAS, Seoul 
For registration information, please click here.

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Stanford Internet Observatory
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Registration is now open for the third annual Trust & Safety Research Conference at Stanford University from September 26-27, 2024. Join us for two days of cross-professional presentations and conversations designed to push forward research on trust and safety.

Hosted at Stanford University’s Frances. C. Arrillaga Alumni Center, the Trust & Safety Research Conference convenes participants working on trust and safety issues across academia, industry, civil society, and government. The event brings together a cross-disciplinary group of academics and researchers in fields including computer science, sociology, law, and political science to connect with practitioners and policymakers on challenges and new ideas for studying and addressing online trust and safety issues.

Your ticket provides access to:

  • Two days of talks, panels, workshops and breakouts
  • Breakfast and lunch both days of the conference
  • Networking opportunities, including happy hours and poster sessions

Early bird tickets are $150 for attendees from academia, civil society and government, and $600 for attendees from industry. Ticket prices go up August 1, 2024.

CONFERENCE WEBSITE • REGISTER

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Tickets on sale for the third annual Trust & Safety Research Conference to be held September 26-27, 2024. Lock in early bird prices by registering before August 1.

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On Sunday, June 2, Mexico held its federal, state, and municipal elections. Sunday’s poll was historic in more than one sense. Mexico, a democracy in its mid-twenties, had never previously embarked on an election as large in scale, with more than 20,000 vacant public offices at all levels of government to be filled by an electorate of almost 100 million eligible voters. For the first time in the country’s history, a woman, Claudia Sheinbaum, was elected to spearhead the government of the world’s most populous Spanish-speaking nation. Finally, these events took place in the shadows of record-high, albeit stable, levels of drug-related violence.

In this Q&A roundtable organized by the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law’s (CDDRL) Poverty, Violence, and Governance Lab (PovGov) and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a panel of scholars discuss six main insights from Mexico’s elections and what they tell us about the state of Mexico’s democracy.*

Panelists:

  • Beatriz Magaloni, Graham H. Stuart Professor of International Relations and Professor of Political Science in the School of Humanities and Sciences and Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute at Stanford University
  • Tesalia Rizzo, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Merced, Research Affiliate at MIT Governance Lab, Research Affiliate at CDDRL’s Governance Project
  • Larry Diamond, William L. Clayton Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and Mosbacher Senior Fellow in Global Democracy at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI), Stanford University
  • Amrit Singh, Professor of the Practice of Law and founding Executive Director of the Rule of Law Impact Lab at Stanford Law School
  • Alberto Díaz-Cayeros, Senior Fellow at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at Stanford University
  • Mariano-Florentino (Tino) Cuéllar, Visiting Scholar at Stanford Law School, President of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

 

Beatriz Magaloni, Tesalia Rizzo, Larry Diamond, Amrit Singh, Alberto Diaz-Cayeros, Tino Cuellar


*Responses have been edited for clarity and length.



1: Mexico has elected its first female president in a clean and fair election.


One of the big headlines from the elections is that Mexico elected its first female president. What explains why Mexico has accomplished this milestone, even before the United States?

Beatriz Magaloni: It is incredibly exciting, especially considering our history of machismo and a patriarchal society where women have traditionally been followers, not leaders. Mexico enacted a significant gender parity reform about two years ago, which mandates gender parity across all political parties and levels of government. This transformation to include women began then, and it is amazing that the next step is electing a woman president.

Were the elections in Mexico clean and fair by international standards?

Beatriz Magaloni: Mexico has a long history of institutional reform that created bodies like the National Electoral Institute (INE). These institutions have persisted, even though Andres Manuel López Obrador (whom everyone refers to as AMLO) tried to weaken them. Fortunately, they withstood these attacks, and we can see how essential they are for elections. I can confidently say that we had free and fair elections by international standards. Mexico has the capacity to orchestrate inspiring elections, and this should serve as a lesson to powerholders about the importance of sustaining these institutions.

What worries me about the election results is the supermajority the MORENA coalition won. Likely, Claudia has the majority necessary in both the Senate and Congress to modify the Constitution unilaterally and pass laws unilaterally. I worry that Mexico is going back to the era of hegemony we suffered from for 70 years under the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).



2: Sheinbaum’s landslide was a referendum on the legacy of the current President, Andrés Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO).


Given the massive Movement of National Regeneration (MORENA) electoral landslide, are we witnessing the beginnings of a MORENA-dominant era in Mexican politics?

Tesalia Rizzo: MORENA, the party of the current president, has been said to draw inspiration from the PRI, which governed during those 70 years. MORENA has effectively used social policy to gain favor among Mexicans. This election demonstrated that the strategy of using social policy to gain voter favor was successful not only at the presidential level but also at the state level, gaining more states and seats in Congress. This indicates that MORENA has built a stable party and a stable electorate, suggesting a potentially dominant era for the party.

Why do you think the margin of victory was so large?  

Tesalia Rizzo: It doesn't necessarily come as a huge surprise. López Obrador's approval ratings have been off the charts and very stable for a long time. This approval is largely driven by his social policies, which have been carefully crafted and effectively implemented. This election has shown that MORENA is now a political party with strong structures across the country. People are joining MORENA not only because they see it as a party that can win elections but also because they sense stability in its structure. If we think of parties as institutionalized social movements, perhaps MORENA has followed a similar path. 



3: Mexico has cemented its position as a consolidated electoral democracy, with strong procedural safeguards and a vibrant civil society embracing democratic values.


As an observer of democracies throughout the world, does Mexico fulfill the requirements of an electoral democracy?

Larry Diamond: I think people chose the leader they wanted in Mexico. It's easier to declare this democratic when it isn't close — it was decisive, a landslide. There's no sign that I know of significant fraud in the election. There's no sign that it wasn't cleanly and efficiently administered. And there's always a question of "compared to what?" If you look at the controversies around the U.S. election, for example, it may look better or less disputed, more efficient than some of the elections we held in U.S. states. Many people in the United States might wish for a system of national electoral authority that has the technical efficiency and ability to standardize across the country, as the National Electoral Institute (INE) has.

What about the political violence that occurred before the election? Would those challenges qualify Mexico as a liberal democracy?

Larry Diamond: I think there are many things to be noted about the state of Mexican democracy before election day. Some relate to the nature of the campaign, and some to the broader character of political and civic space in Mexico. Regarding the campaign, when you have a significant number of candidates assassinated — 40 to 50 people, which is shocking and deeply distressing — this isn't necessarily a ruling party killing its opponents but indicates a state that lacks the capacity to rein in criminal and narco-trafficking violence. This kind of climate degrades the electoral environment, though I wouldn't say it alone makes Mexico a non-democracy.

The sitting president of Mexico, AMLO, has been highly critical of the autonomous body for electoral administration, the INE. From a legal standpoint, what are the risks to the institutional architecture of electoral politics in the coming years?

Amrit Singh: I think it's important to recognize that INE has been one of the crown jewels of Mexico's democracy. It is widely regarded as one of the most independent and professional election commissions in the world. Whether it continues to be as highly regarded will depend on what Claudia Sheinbaum decides to do — whether she chooses to break from President López Obrador's authoritarian agenda or to open a new chapter in Mexico in favor of democracy and the rule of law.

You described the potential consequences of MORENA moving ahead with constitutional amendments that could affect the autonomy of the electoral agency. Do you think the new government has any incentive to pursue an agenda that would debilitate INE? If so, can we still speak about an electoral democracy in Mexico?

Amrit Singh: That remains to be seen. Claudia Sheinbaum has an opportunity to open a new chapter in Mexico's democracy. She has indicated, for example, that she is in favor of voting for judges, a proposal submitted by President López Obrador to Mexico's Congress back in February 2024. Whether she sticks to that position still remains to be seen. It is worrying that the constitutional reform proposals by President López Obrador may become a reality because MORENA and its allies now have a qualified majority in Congress. Over the last few years under President López Obrador's administration, we have seen systematic attacks on the independent institutions necessary for safeguarding democracy in Mexico. These attacks targeted INE, INAI (the freedom of information agency), and the federal judiciary. If such attacks continue under the new administration, there will be nothing left to speak of in terms of electoral democracy in Mexico. These institutions are essential for maintaining the checks and balances and the separation of powers necessary to uphold the rule of law and individual rights and freedoms.



4: Mexico is still lacking some of the civil protections of liberal democracy, the most apparent being insecurity and drug violence, which remain top unresolved issues.


How is it possible for the incumbent party, MORENA, to be reelected despite the security conditions and maintenance of high levels of violence?

Beatriz Magaloni: The main issue in Mexico is the violence surrounding elections, not necessarily from political parties or the incumbent attacking opposition candidates, but from organized crime. These were the most violent elections we've had, with at least 30 candidates for municipal presidencies and other positions killed and more than 200 attacked. This is deeply concerning because it means that organized crime, not just voters, is influencing election outcomes. How do we explain AMLO's victory? Because, although it is Claudia's victory, it is essentially a referendum on AMLO’s performance. He is an incredibly intelligent politician who has been able to amass electoral support through various mechanisms, including delivering entitlements and public services to poor and middle-class voters.

Xóchitl Gálvez ran a campaign highlighting the violence and harshly criticizing AMLO’s "hugs, not bullets" slogan. Claudia has said she will increase the size of the National Guard. How do you think this will work out in a liberal democracy, having an even larger military presence in Mexico?

Beatriz Magaloni: Xóchitl didn't win for two main reasons. One, she was embraced by political parties like the Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), the Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD), and the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), which have been discredited for their own roles in perpetuating violence. President Calderón started the war on drugs, and during President Peña Nieto’s administration, we saw events like the disappearance of the Ayotzinapa students, which increased corruption and impunity. This association with discredited parties hurt her campaign. Secondly, she was competing against an incumbent who was very popular. People don’t really know who Claudia is, and we are eager to learn what she brings to politics at this critical juncture, with high levels of violence and immigration issues.



5: Popular welfare programs glue together the MORENA coalition, but these might not be enough to reduce poverty and improve well-being.


What do you expect will happen with poverty alleviation and the provision of basic public services like health and education?  

Alberto Díaz-Cayeros: The government of Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) always claimed to prioritize the poor. "Primero los pobres" ("first the poor") was the slogan in his campaign, and Claudia Sheinbaum repeated it yesterday in her victory speech. It is paradoxical that a government claiming to support the poor removed the most crucial and effective poverty reduction program Mexico has had in two decades. Claudia Sheinbaum is not obligated to follow AMLO's exact policies. I expect she will likely listen to experts and policy advice from those working on poverty relief globally and in Mexico. Hopefully, she will incorporate elements of conditional cash transfer programs that have successfully alleviated poverty worldwide.

Claudia Sheinbaum's proposals and the legacy of her predecessor, AMLO, suggest that she aims to build on the foundation laid by Mexico's fourth transformation. What do you expect her social policies to look like? Will she move Mexico closer to a universal welfare state?

Alberto Díaz-Cayeros: The current government has aimed to create programs that move Mexico towards a universal welfare state. AMLO's significant poverty reduction achievement was raising the minimum wage, which benefited moderately poor families but not the extremely poor. But the removal of the conditional cash transfer program and Seguro Popular led to a loss of access to public health for a significant portion of the population. Moving towards universalization will require substantial funding and a focus on labor market reforms.



6: This election matters to Americans and the world for the sake of global economic growth, hemispheric security, and multicultural diversity in the U.S.


Why does the Mexican election matter to the U.S.?

Tino Cuéllar: Mexico has become a particularly massive trading partner of the United States, the largest trading partner now that trade with China has declined due to trade tensions. Additionally, the law enforcement and rule of law interests of the United States and Mexico often converge. So, the well-being of the United States, its relationship to the larger world, and issues many Americans care deeply about — security, migration, and economic prosperity — are all interconnected with Mexico.

Compared to U.S. elections, how vibrant is Mexican democracy?

Tino Cuéllar: In both countries, democratic processes have withstood attacks and efforts to undermine institutions. However, the success of democracy depends not only on formal legal arrangements — such as electoral institutes, courts, and prosecutors — but also on norms, traditions, and habits of behavior. An important distinction in discussions about Mexican democracy is the risk of violence that candidates face. In the U.S., running for office generally does not expose one to great risk due to law enforcement and norms. In Mexico, improving democracy further will involve securing the well-being of candidates, even if their agendas might upset people who might target or threaten them. In principle, there are many common interests that Mexico and the United States share. They both have an interest in keeping borders secure, making economies vibrant, and allowing the peoples of both countries to share in a more prosperous hemispheric economy, which is good for both countries and the world.

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The Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law’s Poverty, Violence, and Governance Lab, in collaboration with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, invited a panel of scholars to discuss the implications of Mexico’s elections and to analyze the political context in which they were held.

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While the potential benefits of artificial intelligence are significant and far-reaching, AI’s potential dangers to the global order necessitates an astute governance and policy-making approach, panelists said at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) on May 23.

An alumni event at the Ford Dorsey Master’s in International Policy (MIP) program featured a panel discussion on “The Impact of AI on the Global Order.” Participants included Anja Manuel, Jared Dunnmon, David Lobell, and Nathaniel Persily. The moderator was Francis Fukuyama, Olivier Nomellini senior fellow at FSI and director of the master’s program.

Manuel, an affiliate at FSI’s Center for International Security and Cooperation and executive director of the Aspen Strategy Group, said that what “artificial intelligence is starting to already do is it creates superpowers in the way it intersects with other technologies.”

An alumna of the MIP program, Manuel noted an experiment a year ago in Switzerland where researchers asked an AI tool to come up with new nerve agents – and it did very rapidly, 40,000 of them. On the subject of strategic nuclear deterrence, AI capabilities may upend existing policy approaches. Though about 30 countries have voluntarily signed up to follow governance standards in how AI would be used in military conflicts, the future is unclear.

“I worry a lot,” said Manuel, noting that AI-controlled fighter jets will likely be more effective than human-piloted craft. “There is a huge incentive to escalate and to let the AI do more and more and more of the fighting, and I think the U.S. government is thinking it through very carefully.”
 


AI amplifies the abilities of all good and bad actors in the system to achieve all the same goals they’ve always had.
Nathaniel Persily
Co-director of the Cyber Policy Center


Geopolitical Competition


Dunnmon, a CISAC affiliate and senior advisor to the director of the Defense Innovation Unit, spoke about the “holistic geopolitical competition” among world powers in the AI realm as these systems offer “unprecedented speed and unprecedented scale.”

“Within that security lens, there’s actually competition across the entirety of the technical AI stack,” he said.

Dunnmon said an underlying security question involves whether a given AI software is running on top of libraries that are sourced from Western companies then if software is being built on top of an underlying library stack owned by state enterprises. “That’s a different world.”

He said that “countries are competing for data, and it’s becoming a battlefield of geopolitical competition.”

Societal, Environmental Implications


Lobell, a senior fellow at FSI and the director of the Center for Food Security and the Environment, said his biggest concern is about how AI might change the functioning of societies as well as possible bioterrorism.

“Any environment issue is basically a collective action problem, and you need well-functioning societies with good governance and political institutions, and if that crumbles, I don’t think we have much hope.”

On the positive aspects of AI, he said the combination of AI and synthetic biology and gene editing are starting to produce much faster production cycles of agricultural products, new breeds of animals, and novel foods. One company found how to make a good substitute for milk if pineapple, cabbage and other ingredients are used.

Lobell said that AI can understand which ships are actually illegally capturing seafood, and then they can trace that back to where they eventually offload such cargo. In addition, AI can help create deforestation-free supply chains, and AI mounted on farm tractors can help reduce 90% of the chemicals being used that pose environmental risks.

“There’s clear tangible progress being made with these technologies in the realm of the environment, and we can continue to build on that,” he added.
 


Countries are competing for data, and it’s becoming a battlefield of geopolitical competition.
Jared Dunnmon
Affiiate at the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC)


AI and Democracy


Persily, a senior fellow and co-director of FSI’s Cyber Policy Center, said, “AI amplifies the abilities of all good and bad actors in the system to achieve all the same goals they’ve always had.”

He noted, “AI is not social media,” even though it can interact with social media. Persily said AI is so much more pervasive and significant than a given platform such as Facebook. Problems arise in the areas of privacy, antitrust, bias and disinformation, but AI issues are “characteristically different” than social media.

“One of the ways that AI is different than social media is the fact that they are open-source tools. We need to think about this in a little bit of a different way, which is that it is not just a few companies that can be regulated on closed systems,” Persily said.

As a result, AI tools are available to all of us, he said. “There is the possibility that some of the benefits of AI could be realized more globally,” but there are also risks. For example, in the year and a half since OpenAI released ChatGPT, which is open sourced, child pornography has multiplied on the Internet.

“The democratization of AI will lead to fundamental challenges to establish legacy infrastructure for the governance of the propagation of content,” Persily said.

Balance of AI Power


Fukuyama pointed out that an AI lab at Stanford could not afford leading-edge technology, yet countries such as the U.S. and China have deeper resources to fund AI endeavors.

“This is something obviously that people are worried about,” he said, “whether these two countries are going to dominate the AI race and the AI world and disadvantage everybody.”

Manuel said that most of AI is now operating with voluntary governance – “patchwork” – and that dangerous things involving AI can be done now. “In the end, we’re going to have to adopt a negotiation and an arms control approach to the national security side of this.” 

Lobell said that while it might seem universities can’t stay up to speed with industry, people have shown they can reproduce those models’ performances just days after their releases.
 


In the end, we’re going to have to adopt a negotiation and an arms control approach to the national security side of this.
Anja Manuel
Affiiate at the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC)


On regulation — the European Union is currently weighing legislation — Persily said it would be difficult to enforce regulations and interpret risk assessments, so what is needed is a “transparency regime” and an infrastructure so civil entities have a clear view on what models are being released – yet this will be complex.

“I don’t think we even really understand what a sophisticated, full-on AI audit of these systems would look like,” he said.

Dunnmon suggested that an AI governance entity could be created that’s similar to how the U.S. Food and Drug Agency reviews pharmaceuticals before release.

In terms of AI and military conflicts, he spoke about the need for AI and humans to understand the rewards and risks involved, and in the case of the latter, how the risk compares to the “next best option.”

“How do you communicate that risk, how do you assess that risk, and how do you make sure the right person with the right equities and the right understanding of those risks is making that risk trade-off decision?” he asked.



The Ford Dorsey Master’s in International Policy program was established in 1982 to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to analyze and address complex global challenges in a rapidly changing world, and to prepare the next generation of leaders for public and private sector careers in international policymaking and implementation.

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At a gathering for alumni, the Ford Dorsey Master's in International Policy program hosted four experts to discuss the ramifications of AI on global security, the environment, and political systems.

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Encina Commons, 123
615 Crothers Way, Stanford, CA 94305

Encina Hall, E108
616 Jane Stanford Way
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

650.736.3750
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Ayça Alemdaroğlu is the Associate Director of the Program on Turkey and a Research Scholar at the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law at Stanford University. She is also a Global Fellow at the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO). As a political sociologist, Ayça explores social and political inequalities and changes in Turkey and the Middle East.

Previously, she was an Assistant Professor of Sociology and the Associate Director of the Keyman Modern Turkish Studies Program at Northwestern University. 

She received her Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Cambridge, her MA in political science from Bilkent University, and her BSc. degrees in political science and sociology from the Middle East Technical University. 

She serves on the editorial committee of the Middle East Report. 

Associate Director, Program on Turkey
Ayça Alemdaroğlu
Yektan Turkyilmaz
Ali Yaycıoğlu
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CDDRL Honors Student, 2024-25
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Major: Data Science
Hometown: Washington, D.C.
Thesis Advisor: Larry Diamond

Tentative Thesis Title: The Impact of Prospective NATO Membership on Democratic Quality in Aspiring Nations

Future aspirations post-Stanford: I’d like to find ways to combine my interest in data science with my interest in strengthening democracy and democratic norms.

A fun fact about yourself: My main form of exercise is boxing!

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CDDRL Honors Student, 2024-25
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Major: Economics
Minor: Human Rights
Hometown: Hyattsville, Maryland
Thesis Advisor: Beatriz Magaloni

Tentative Thesis Title: Rightward Attitudinal Shifts in Post-Dictatorship Democracies: A Chilean Case Study

Future aspirations post-Stanford: Following Stanford, my long-term goal is to pursue public interest law. However, I plan on taking a few years between graduating and starting law school to pursue a Master's in Economics or another closely related field.

A fun fact about yourself: I did musical theatre for ten years and was in three different productions of "Annie."

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CDDRL Honors Student, 2024-25
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Major: International Relations
Hometown: Berkeley, California
Thesis Advisor: Kathryn Stoner

Tentative Thesis Title: Atrocity Denial and State Formation in the Balkans

Future aspirations post-Stanford: Maybe a PhD? Maybe international law? Maybe writing? Suggestions welcome.

A fun fact about yourself: I put pomegranate molasses in 90% of the dishes I cook.

RA, 2023 Fisher Family Summer Fellows Program
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CDDRL Honors Student, 2024-25
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Major: Public Policy
Hometown: Carnation, Washington
Thesis Advisor: James Fishkin

Tentative Thesis Title: Force of the Better Argument: Mechanisms of Persuasion in Deliberative Polling

Future aspirations post-Stanford: I could see a lot of paths forward from here. Heading to law school, working as a legislative aide, running for local office, and fleeing from modernity to a cabin in the wilderness are all ideas I'm currently considering.

A fun fact about yourself: I design games. If you're a nerd like me and you like the sound of fighting giant monsters, check out Trail of the Behemoth on DriveThruRPG!

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