Stanford University

Gender

Personal and Party Representation in Contemporary Europe: Effects on Intra-party Dynamics

-

ABSTRACT:

This study explores the relationship between elected representatives and the parties they belong to in the European context. It uses an elite cross-national survey, exploring the way elected representatives perceive their representative role and construct their perceptions of representation with regards to party unity. In order to bypass the "no-variance" problem in recorded votes, the study makes use of a legislator's sequential decision-making model, according to which party unity is not considered an end-result, but rather a process. Using attitudinal data on legislators’ perceptions and attitudes, the study shows that representatives often feel a tension between different, competing foci of representation – mainly party representation versus all other foci. It then examines how elected representatives reconcile this tension; how they are assisted by internalized perceptions of their role; and the effect of various institutional factors in this process.   

 

SPEAKER BIO:

malka hs
Reut Itzkovitch-Malka is a visiting scholar at the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law at Stanford University. She is also a postdoctoral scholar from the Israel Institute. Her research interest centers on political representation from a comparative politics perspective, with a specific focus on the following two major topics. The first is legislative studies. Her main contribution in this regard is a large-scale, cross national comparative research focusing on legislators’ perceptions of representation and on the link between such perceptions and party unity. This research, which she conducted for her dissertation, uses a novel decision-making sequential model for the analysis of legislative attitudes and behavior. Using this model the research provides a first-time inside look into the dynamics surrounding party unity and allows us to gauge the importance of legislators’ representational role perceptions in shaping their behavior. Her second research interest revolves around gender and political representation. While investigating a broad range of issues related to gender and politics – such as women’s descriptive representation, the adoption of gender quotas for women and the gender gap in voting – Reut specializes in the substantive representation of women.

Reut received a Ph.D. in political science from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2014, where she won the President Fellowship for outstanding doctoral students. She holds an M.A. with honors in political science from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a B.A with honors in political science and history also from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. 

Postdoctoral Scholar (CDDRL and Israel Institute) Postdoctoral Scholar (CDDRL and Israel Institute)
Seminars

The Prevalence of Anemia in Central and Eastern China: Evidence From the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Paragraphs

Although China has experienced rapid economic growth over the past few decades, significant health and nutritional problems remain. Little work has been done to track basic diseases, such as iron-deficiency anemia, so the exact prevalence of these health problems is unknown. The goals of this study were to assess the prevalence of anemia in China and identify individual, household and community-based factors associated with anemia. We used data from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), including the measurement of he- moglobin levels among 7,261 individuals from 170 communities and 7 provinces in central and eastern China. The overall prevalence of anemia was 13.4% using the WHO’s blood hemoglobin thresholds (1968). This means in China’s more developed central and eastern regions up to 180 million people may be anemic. Some vulnerable subgroups were disproportionately affected by anemia. Seniors (aged 60 years and above) were more likely to be anemic than younger age cohorts, and females had higher anemia prevalence among all age groups except among children aged 7 to 14 years. We found a negative correlation between household wealth and the presence of anemia, suggesting anemia prevalence may decline as China’s economy grows. However, the prevalence of anemia was greater in migrant households, which should be experiencing an improved economic status.

 

All Publications button
1
Publication Type
Journal Articles
Publication Date
Journal Publisher
Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
Authors
Liying Li
Alexis Medina
Scott Rozelle
Number
2

Information, Female Empowerment and Governance in Oaxaca, Mexico [Feb. 2015]

Paragraphs

Traditional community rules are formally recognized in multiple constitutions across Latin America. Scholars debate the extent to which these practices conform to broader principles of gender equality. A unique institutional feature in the impoverished state of Oaxaca, Mexico, divides municipalities into traditional and party-based governance. We exploit this feature with original survey data and find that rates of female participation in traditional communities are not different when compared to non-traditional ones. We also conduct a survey experiment to explore how perceptions about female leadership change with factual information about female mayors. We find the strongest demonstration effect on women recipient of the conditional cash transfer program Oportunidades. Our evidence suggests overall that traditional governance is not a relevant dimension to understand female disempowerment, and that entrenched discriminatory practices against women (which exist but are not inherent to traditional rule) are sensitive to community bargains and well-designed policy.

 

All Publications button
1
Publication Type
Working Papers
Publication Date
Journal Publisher
CDDRL Working Papers
Authors
Alberto Díaz-Cayeros
Beatriz Magaloni
Alexander Ruiz-Euler

Women in Policy

-

Event Description

Join us to hear from female speakers with experience at all levels of policy-making, learn about the challenges that women face in the political arena, and explore solutions to gender inequality. 

This panel will be moderated by Professor Shelley Correll.

This event is sponsored by the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law; Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies; Stanford in Government; and the Women's Community Center. 

 

[[{"fid":"217920","view_mode":"crop_870xauto","fields":{"format":"crop_870xauto","field_file_image_description[und][0][value]":"","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":"","field_credit[und][0][value]":"","field_caption[und][0][value]":"","field_related_image_aspect[und][0][value]":"","thumbnails":"crop_870xauto","pp_lightbox":true,"pp_description":false},"type":"media","attributes":{"height":1126,"width":870,"class":"media-element file-crop-870xauto"}}]]

Bechtel Conference Center, Encina Hall

Congresswoman Jackie Speier United States Representative 14th Congressional District, California
Kimberly Ellis Executive Director EMERGE California
Karina Kloos Stanford Department of Sociology
Shelley Correll (moderator) Director Clayman Institute for Gender Research
Seminars

Africa Table: Grassroots Women as Water Champions and Social Entrepreneurs: A Path Towards Effective Leadership and Self Reliance

-

Join the Center for African Studies and the Center on Democracy, Development and the Rule of Law's (CDDRL) Program on Social Entrepreneurship (in partnership with the Haas Center for Public Service) for a special lunchtime seminar.

Three leaders from the Global Women’s Water Initiative (GWWI) will share their work in East Africa transforming women from being water bearers to water providers and social entrepreneurs. GWWI is training and building a cadre of women water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) specialists steeped in a holistic set of technical and entrepreneurial skills to lift themselves from poverty and create self-reliance. Women have developed the capacity to construct technologies, provide health education and generate revenue by professionalizing their services. Come to Africa Table for an engaging hour listening to the stories of these three incredible leaders.

Gemma Bulos is a multi award-winning social entrepreneur, water champion and musician. As Director of the Global Women's Water Initiative, she trains women to be technicians and entrepreneurs who are able to build clean water and sanitation solutions in their communities. Her work has provided over 200,000 people with clean water in Asia and Africa.

Rose Wamalwa manages GWWI in-country logistics as Kenya/Tanzania Regional Coordinator. She was named one of the '8 African Water Women to Watch' by WASH Advocates alongside President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia and President Joyce Banda of Malawi. She is currently an IREX Community Solutions Fellow sponsored by the US State Department.

Godliver Businge, Head Technology Trainer is a trained mason, welder, bricklayer, and a candidate for a Civil Engineering degree in Uganda. She is admired for her ability to train women with no background in construction. Godliver received a scholarship from the Uganda Rural Devlop-ment Trust, and was recently featured in Reuters trust.org as a Female Water Role Model. 

Lunch will be served.

[[{"fid":"216629","view_mode":"crop_870xauto","fields":{"format":"crop_870xauto","field_file_image_description[und][0][value]":"","field_file_image_alt_text[und][0][value]":"","field_file_image_title_text[und][0][value]":"","field_credit[und][0][value]":"","field_caption[und][0][value]":"","field_related_image_aspect[und][0][value]":"","thumbnails":"crop_870xauto","pp_lightbox":true,"pp_description":true},"type":"media","attributes":{"height":1145,"width":870,"class":"media-element file-crop-870xauto"}}]]

Room 202, Encina Hall West

616 Serra Street, Stanford, CA

Gemma Bulos Director Global Women's Water Initiative
Rose Wamalwa Kenya/Tanzania Regional Coordinator Global Women's Water Initiative
Godliver Businge Head Technology Trainer Global Women's Water Initiative
Seminars

Katherine Jolluck

Department of History
Stanford University
Stanford, CA  94305-2024
 

(650) 723-1884 (650) 725-0597
0
Senior Lecturer in History
Senior Fellow of the WSD HANDA Center for Human Rights and International Justice
k_jolluck_webpage_photo.jpg
PhD

Katherine R. Jolluck is Senior Lecturer and Coordinator of the Public History/Public Service Track in the Department of History at Stanford University.  She is also a Senior Fellow at the Center for Human Rights and International Justice.  She has also taught at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Naval Post-Graduate School in Monterey.  A specialist on the history of twentieth-century Eastern Europe and Russia, she focuses on the topics of women and war, women in communist societies, nationalism, the Soviet Gulag, and human trafficking. Her books include: Exile and Identity: Polish Women in the Soviet Union during WWII, and Gulag Voices: Oral Histories of Soviet Incarceration and Exile (with Jehanne M Gheith). She has also written articles on Poland in World War II, antisemitism, and human trafficking in Europe.  Jolluck serves on the Faculty Steering Committee of the Haas Center for Public Service, offers service-learning courses, and is active in the Bay Area anti-trafficking community.  She is a Steering Committee member of No Traffick Ahead, a multi-county, multi-disciplinary workgroup dedicated to combating human trafficking in all forms.

 

Affiliated Senior Lecturer at The Europe Center
Affiliated Senior Lecturer at the Program on Human Rights
CV

Inclusion of women in Japan's labor market is vital, Hoshi says

News Type
Commentary
Date
Paragraphs

 

On Sept. 3, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe reshuffled his cabinet, bringing more than double the number of female ministers on board, in line with his pledge to revive the economy based in part on increased participation of women in business and politics.

Traditionally, Japan has provided tax and pension incentives for women to stay at home or work part-time; however, Mr. Abe seeks to change this and has laid out a plan in the “third arrow” of his administration’s economic policy.

Takeo Hoshi, an economist and director of the Japan Program at the Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, spoke with Deutsche Welle about the administration’s leadership shift and policy goals.

“Relying on women to work more is an excellent idea because the Japanese economy has underutilized women’s talents in the past,” he says.

The full article is available on Deutsche Welle online.

Hero Image
All News button
1

Defining Rape: Emerging Obligations for States under International Law

Paragraphs

The crime of rape has been prevalent in all contexts, whether committed during armed conflict or in peacetime, and has largely been characterised by a culture of impunity. International law, through its branches of international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international criminal law, has increasingly condemned such violence and is progressively obliging states to prevent rape, whether committed by a state agent or a private actor. Whereas the prohibition of rape has been consistently recognised in these areas of law, the definition of the offence has been a later concern to international law. Attempts to define the crime have, however, been made by the ad hoc tribunals (International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia), regional human rights courts and UN treaty bodies. Increasing duties are thus placed on states, not only to prevent rape through the enactment of criminal laws, but to adopt specific elements of the crime in domestic legislation. This study systematises and analyses such emerging obligations in international law. This leads to overarching questions on the fragmentation and harmonisation of norms between various regimes in international law.

All Publications button
1
Publication Type
Books
Authors
Maria Sjöholm
Number
9789004202634

Maria Sjöholm

Encina Hall
616 Serra Street
Stanford, CA  94305-6165

0
Anna Lindh Visiting Scholar at The Europe Center, 2014-2015
maria_sjoholm.jpg

Maria Sjöholm currently holds the position as a post-doc researcher at the Faculty of Law of Stockholm University, Sweden. She is in the process of writing a monograph reviewing the integration of women’s human rights law into regional human rights treaties, analysing the methodological and theoretical frameworks with which such rights have been incorporated into these treaties. Her previous research includes the book “Defining Rape: Emerging Obligations for States under International Law?” (Brill) and an article on the approach by the European Court of Human Rights to human trafficking. She is a member of the Committee on Feminism and International Law of the International Law Association and has taught courses on international human rights law and international criminal law at various universities in Sweden.​

Learning But Not Acting: Women in Ningxia Autonomous Region, Voting Rights Training and Voting Behavior in Village Elections in China

Paragraphs

This paper studies women’s participation in village elections. It focuses on the impact of voting rights training on women’s knowledge, and their voting behaviors in Ningxia, China, a Hui nationality autonomous region with a conservative cultural environment for women. A randomized controlled trial has been used in the study.

All Publications button
1
Publication Type
Journal Articles
Publication Date
Authors
Scott Rozelle
Subscribe to Gender